Mcdonalds Cross Culture

As the total populace Increases and we become a Global society because of the expansion In innovation, an ever increasing number of organizations are working together on a worldwide scale. As business Increases Individuals Involved In cross fringe business collusions have needed to have a more prominent comprehension of different societies to help in the maintainability of business relationships.From the manner in which business is led in different societies to the manner in which associations are organized, a comprehension of these societies will unavoidably help construct organizations and give positive viewpoints and a more prominent eagerness to interface from the different ultras we intend to work with. With the Increase In innovation, worldwide working and driving, nations like England, which has an immense cosmopolitan culture, has a more prominent attention to different cultures.This Is because of the manner in which we interface as companions, the sharing of different nation s nourishments and the grasping of all that Is acceptable In different societies Is a rich wellspring of the diverse mindfulness and comprehension. We currently take a gander at the manner in which McDonald's has figured out how to make a worldwide domain that has considered different societies and how this has supported the Corporation to become major worldwide inexpensive food retailer.Aims and Objectives * Identification of issues In Cross Cultural Organizations * Evaluation of decent variety of workforce In different nations ; Analysis of the speculations identified with Cross Cultural Management * To investigate the administration aptitudes required in a Cross Cultural Organization * To investigate and recognize the abilities, ascribes and information should have been an administrator in a diverse situation * To see the executives approaches for breaking developing markets * Identify a Strategy for Cross Cultural Organizations Methodology me oenology utilizes Tort Investigating tons contextual investigation was simply specialist Vela auxiliary research.This included understanding books, Journals and sites Culture What is Culture? ‘The aggregate of information, perspectives and ongoing personal conduct standards shared and transmitted by the individuals from a specific culture Ralph Linton 1940 There are different kinds of societies in the public eye, some are recorded underneath: Corporate Culture This is the classed as association culture or the manner in which an association gets things done and how they anticipate that things should be done. Sub-culture This is a gathering having social, monetary, ethnic, or different characteristics extinctive enough to recognize it from others inside a similar culture or society.Multicultural This is classed as relating to, or speaking to a few distinct societies or social components for instance a multicultural society. Culture Shock This is the condition of bewilderment experienced by a person who is abruptly presented to another, unusual, or outside social and social condition. Refined This is an individual who has an attention to different societies and may have encountered broadening of societies direct. An individual who is instructed through life encounters as opposed to by contemplating academically.Use culture stun in a Sentence See pictures of culture stun Search culture stun on the Web Logistical and Managerial Issues for Cross Cultural Organizations Charles Handy in his book Understanding Organizations (1993) alludes to authoritative societies as clans saying: ‘The more prominent the size of an association, the more noteworthy the measure of clans. ‘ The essential issues that might be experienced when managing Logistical and Managerial issues inside culturally diverse associations are: * Values * Norms * Ideas/Beliefs * Attitudes * Traditions Religion * Lifestyle * HistoryThe way one issue is dealt with in one nation perhaps took care of absolutely contrastingly in another nation. There is an unmistakable partition between both Western and Non-western thoughts just as society standards, qualities and religion. In McDonald's a mindfulness and comprehension of different societies has been a triumphant factor in the turn of events and ascent of the cheap food chain. Understanding societies of the Far East, Middle East and Europe have helped the association create as an innovator in the field it works within.Logistically the McDonald's have needed to comprehend the qualities that are held in sections like India where it is a ‘crime' to murder and eat a cow as this is classed as a hallowed and blessed creature. To such an extent that the cow is adored as a supplier of milk, not meat, which is very unique toward the west who have hamburger as a staple piece of an inexpensive food menu in McDonald's and different other cheap food chains. In India McDonald's utilized Just one franchisee in the entire of a nation that has a populace that is cont acting the 1 Billion mark.This was because of the way that the franchisee was an individual who has lived and worked in India for over overdue debts and has a more noteworthy understanding f the way of life than an outside westerner. This Cross Cultural mindfulness is the thing that has made McDonald's such a mainstream brand in India since being presented in the sass's. Notwithstanding this the utilization of pork is forbad in India as the pig is classed as messy or Harm by the Muslim populace in India. Despite the fact that lone little in size, McDonald's considered this to be an issue and expelled pork from the menu that was expected to be actualized in India.Managerial issues that are pertinent in one nation may not be applicable in another. For instance, in England the Manager on the shop floor in McDonald's works intently tit the shop floor staff as they are seen by the Junior representatives as a component of a group and this is tended to in the Management preparing that is a piece of the enlistment as an administrator. In India anyway the entire of society depends on a class framework despite the fact that this has been banned since the only remaining century. Anyway the authorization of this class framework is self engendered and the gap between the upper and lower classes is substantial.The director will in general be situated in an office on location and will anticipate that his agents should deal with the everyday running of the establishment without the administrator's ceaseless information. This offers obligation to the agent yet in addition makes them mindful of the social spot where they have a place. The lower classes are once in a while given senior Jobs in spite of instruction principles which possibly higher among people. Most of lower classes will hold positions as cleaners or doormen.Cross social administration issues don't appear to make issues strategically or authoritatively as the McDonald's company principle business isn't done acros s outskirts. The flexibly of the item is done inside the establishment nation where societal position and standards are as of now comprehended and acknowledged by those being utilized. Zones of Consideration Regarding Culture Douglas McGregor X and Y Theory Douglas McGregor recommends that there are two essential ways to deal with overseeing individuals: * Theory X * Theory Y most of chiefs tend towards Theory X, and by and large get poor results.Lifted and progressively cognizant administrators use Theory Y, which creates better execution and results, and permits individuals to develop and create. Hypothesis X (Authoritarian Management Style) * Most individuals disdain work and will maintain a strategic distance from it they can. * As a result of the above articulation the vast majority must be constrained with the wreath of discipline to progress in the direction of ‘organizational' objectives and goals. * Most individuals want to be coordinated and assigned. This will evade moral duty and leaves the worker generally yearning, and most Just need security above anything else.Theory Y (Participative Management Style) * People will put forth a concentrated effort control and self-bearing in the quest for hierarchical goals, without outer control or the danger of discipline. * Commitment to destinations is a component of remunerations related with their accomplishment. * People generally acknowledge and regularly look for duty. The ability to utilize a serious extent of creative mind, inventiveness and imagination in taking care of authoritative issues is broadly, not barely, circulated in the populace The McDonald's association has an advanced way to deal with the hypothesis and practice of management.One of the essential parts of its even administration style is most of the administration that run establishments around the globe are created through the association as opposed to outside administration being acquired. This is to a great extent because of R ay Crock's hypothesis that an individual should have the option to see the position prospects that are accessible to them. Business portability is a significant factor in the improvement of a person.They need a participative administration style as characterized in ‘Theory Y above to be helpful for the organization and themselves Alienation by means of definitive administration approaches can have an impeding impact particles TTT good just as Atlanta lady. Tort ten Dustless Owe to need AT reoccurring business as clients can get on an ineffectively run and apathetic workforce. Abraham Mascots Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Mascots progression of necessities has been utilized as a premise by numerous scholastic researchers inside the investigation of motivation.They are adjustments of Mascots hypothesis that incorporate extra levels inside the model, anyway the first idea concocted by Moscow is exclusively comprehensive of the five levels recorded underneath, start to finish: * Self Actualization †Personal development and satisfaction * Esteem Needs †Achievement, status, duty, notoriety * Belongingness ; Love Needs †Family, love, connections, work bunch * Safety Needs †Protection, security, request, law, limits, dependability * Biological and Physiological requirements †Basic life needs, air, food, drink cover, reinforcement, rest, sex and so on Mascots hypothesis sees the lower some portion of the requirements, Biological and Physiological as requirements that should be fulfilled first, once these have been fulfilled at exactly that point can the requirements further up the scale or pyramid act naturally completion at the top must be satisfied if the lower portions of the scale are fulfilled, if these aren't fulfilled the fulfillment of the upper level become immaterial. Current association are presently understanding that sustai

Peter The Greats Westernization Of Russia Essay Example For Students

Subside The Greats Westernization Of Russia Essay Subside the Greats Westernization of RussiaPeterthe Greats Westernization of RussiaIn 1689, Tsar Peter I constrained his path intopower in Russia. Also called Peter the Great, he toppled hishalf-sisters system and assumed responsibility for the state. At this time,Russia was managing quick extension, yet it was as yet a very backwardscountry contrasted with the remainder of Europe. Russia was likewise managing witheconomic troubles. Diminish abhorred this retrogressive condition and deviseda plan. Inside ten years of picking up power, he started to travel throughwestern Europe looking for gifted laborers. On his voyage through westernEurope, Peter met lords, researchers, create laborers and boat manufacturers. He even worked covert in a Netherlands shipyard with expectations of learningbetter strategies for making vessels. After eighteen months Peter returnedto Russia and started to utilize this new abundance of information to westernizehis country. His concept of westernization was the modernization of Russia. He needed to go Russia toward the west. Dwindle the Great embraced a significant number of the ideasused by Ivan the Terrible in the fifteenth century. He controlled as atyrant and held himself exempt from the laws that apply to everyone else. Diminish frightened the nobilityand churchmen with his new goal. He clipped off the facial hair ofthe Boyars, land-claiming men of impact and riches, and finished their swayin government. Diminish was resolved to acculturate honorability and evencomposed a book of habits. This book deny such activities as spittingon floors and eating without utensils. He likewise advanced cultured discussionsbetween people. In the long run he wound up expanding their powerover the serfs, the wide open laborers. Next, Peter strengthened Russiasarmy and naval force to guarantee a solid military, set up a cutting edge iron industryto advance creation, and extended and included extra streets and canalsfor the motivation behind invigorating exchange. Cultivating and assembling werealso energized by the ts ar. Tragically for the serfs they werenot just troubled with the undertaking of compulsory work for the state, however theywere left to manage steep assessments too. For them,a not exactly plentiful gather regularly implied starvation. In the usage of his new ideas,Tsar Peter had twelve hundred of the streltsy, the first class armed force corps whoopposed westernization, executed and hung in broad daylight. He lefttheir breaking down bodies in plain view before the Kremlin for monthsto deter difficulties to his power. He even tormented his ownson when he voiced restriction to Peters wave of progress. These mercilessactions dazed everybody and demonstrated his assurance and force. Diminish additionally selected an individual agentto manage the issues of the Russian Orthodox Church. This ledto the congregation turning into a virtual expansion of the state. In1709, Peter crushed Swedish powers at the clash of Poltava and gainedland on the Gulf of Finland. He at that point moved the capital of Russiato the recently developed port city of St. Petersburg. It is herethat Peter paraded his countrys rising riches and made Peterhof, anelaborate castle copying Louis XIVs Versailles. St. Petersburgwas worked by serfs and guaranteed Russias access toward the west. Subside the Great passed on in 1725. Onemajor thing he kept separate from his concept of westernization seems, by all accounts, to be theexploration and colonization of far away grounds. He was more focusedon reinforcing Russia from inside. While England, France, Spainand Portugal were intensely engaged with investigation, Peter was working diligentlyto carry his country to a similar level as his western neighbors. Hecarried Russia far from Ivan the Terribles time of difficulties. .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e , .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e .postImageUrl , .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e , .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e:hover , .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e:visited , .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e:active { border:0!important; } .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e:active , .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e:hover { haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } . u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1cbe c1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u1cbec1cd3223bf9feb4080cf8df9795e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Censorship Of The Net EssayHis nation was presently significantly more impressive as far as its military, its economyand its status in Europe. Subside had cleared the way to a more powerfulpositon on the planet economy. The rule of Peter the Great was not oneof thousand humankind but rather it drove his nation into what's to come. His hardwork and severity made a country of intensity and impact out of thebackwards and loafer domain that he had gained. He was toward the back man, regularly excessively primitive, however he accomplished a large number of his westernizationobjectives. Without his standard, Russia might not have become the powerfulnation that it should have been so as to make due in theearly-present day period.

Importance of Sex Education in School

Numerous guardians are against sex training being instructed inside the schools. Sex is an extremely touchy subject. Numerous guardians feel that it isn't suitable to show kids these  ¡Ã¢ §facts of lifeâ ¡ at such a youthful age. Shouldnâ ¡t one trust that marriage will find out about these things any way? The mind-boggling certainty is that a developing number of adolescents particularly are pondering and in any event, having sexual experiences. Should sex training be educated in school? Some state that is not, at this point the inquiry, but instead in what manner should it be instructed. Over 93% of all open secondary schools as of now offer seminars on sexuality or HIV. In excess of 510 junior or senior secondary schools have school-connected wellbeing centers, and in excess of 300 schools make condoms accessible nearby. (Sex Education in the Schools) coming up next is a conversation of the numerous inquiries related with showing sex instruction at school. 1. For what reason do youth need sex training? †The United States has more than twofold the adolescent pregnancy pace of any western industrialized nation. In excess of a million adolescents become pregnant every year. What's more, youngsters have the most elevated paces of explicitly transmitted sicknesses (STDs) of all ages gathering. Truth be told, one of every four youngsters contract a STD by the period of 21.(Sex Education in Schools) 2. For what reason should schools be associated with sex instruction? †Most guardians despite everything keep away from the issue. Keeping kids oblivious imperils their lives ¡Xespecially for the a huge number of adolescents who have just started engaging in sexual relations. A staggering 61% of male secondary school understudies and 48% of female secondary school understudies fit in this classification. (CDC, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Sexual Behavior Among High School Students, What You Should Know About Sexuality Education) 3. In the event that sexuality training is so helpful, for what reason are such a significant number of adolescents despite everything engaging in sexual relations and getting pregnant? †It is additionally the result of the childâ ¡s condition and encounters that drives them down a specific way. The all out duty can't be put on school instruction. Here are a few hints gave by Planned Parenthood to guardians managing the issue of sex with their youngsters. (National Family Sexuality Education Month) „h Be open and aware about your childâ ¡s questions „h Examine your qualities about sexuality Here are some alarming STDs, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, which youngsters ought to know about: „â « HIV †Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This debilitates your resistant framework, making you powerless to some other infection or bacterial germ in creation. HIV prompts AIDS, which is deadly and is presently the main source of death in America with no fix or antibody accessible. (Three Scary STDs) HIV is gone through blood, semen, vaginal liquids, and bosom milk. „â « CHLAMYDIA-It's known as the â€Å"invisible STD† in light of the fact that a huge level of individuals who have it don't show indications. Chlamydia is bacterial, so it very well may be treated in its beginning times with anti-infection agents. Be that as it may, whenever left untreated, it can leave you sterile. „â « GENITAL WARTS †A kind of the Human Papilloma Virus. A few sorts of this infection cause moles, others show NO side effects. There are 60 distinct sorts inside and out. Fortunately, there are various approaches to treat it. In any case, even with treatment, the moles can generally repeat. Condoms do offer some insurance, however infections can â€Å"shed† on territories not secured by the condom. (Three Scary STDs)

Why Business School Accreditation Matters

Why Business School Accreditation Matters by: Alison Damast on March 29, 2015 | 0 Comments Comments 1,480 Views March 29, 2015John Fernandes, outgoing chief of the AACSBJohn Fernandes arrived at the headquarters of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) in 2000, at a time when the then 84-year-old organization was struggling to find its footing in an increasingly sophisticated global business school marketplace.Fernandes, the first-ever president and CEO of the group, was a newcomer to the management education world, but quickly realized he had to jolt the organization into the twenty-first century. The non-profit organization, the main accrediting body for business schools worldwide, gives a much sought-after seal of approval to business and accounting programs worldwide.â€Å"It was pretty moribund when I got there,† said Fernandes, fresh off a stint as the chief operating officer of The Institute of Internal Auditors. â€Å"The board saw the organization was dying and losing money, and yet it knew it had a good brand. I knew enough to pull the cord just in time before it became problematic.†One of Fernandes’ first moves as CEO was to relocate the organization from St. Louis, where it had been headquartered since 1966, to Tampa, a more appealing international location for its growing membership base. It was a bold move that symbolized his and the board’s desire to shake things up in the organization. They moved south in 2004, taking only about 20% of the original staff with them and hiring a completely new team committed to the group’s vision of expanding its global footprint.â€Å"We took the best ones with us, restructured and from day one, people knew the job was global,† he said.In his 15 years as CEO, Fernandes has managed to make good on his promise of transforming the nonprofit into more than just an accreditation agency. Back when he started, schools were accredited by AACSB onl y once every ten years (they’re now reviewed every five years), and hosted a mere four conferences, two of which largely were for networking. Today, AACSB runs 15 conferences, has 23 affinity groups, runs 80 seminars and publishes a variety of print, web publications and reports. He’s overseen sweeping changes to the accreditation standards and has also made sure the group has followed through on its promise of becoming global.Today, the number of schools outside the U.S. that hold AACSB accreditation is 30%, up from just 4% back in 2000. It has almost 1,200 member schools today in more than 78 countries, and 716 schools accredited worldwide.Fernandes told the board last year he would be retiring in 2015, and will officially step down on April 30th. AACSB has announced that his successor will be Thomas Robinson, the current managing director of the Americas at the CFA Institute. Robinson assumed his new post on March 1st.As Fernandes prepares to leave, he spent some ti me speaking with PoetsQuants’ Alison Damast, reflecting on his 15 years at the organization and what he accomplished during his tenure. Our conversion:Why did you decide to leave the AACSB after 15 years of service?There are two big reasons. One is I lost sight in my right eye and I have retina and glaucoma problems in my left eye. It has been difficult to do global travel, and I knew it was my last term. It is a grueling job and there are a lot of weekends with travel because that is often when schools want to meet. It has tired me out, and ideally I’d like to get down to six days of travel a month. Tampa is not a particularly easy place to have a headquarters. We have a great staff but with each overseas trip, the CEO has to add four to six hours because of Tampa’s location.What was your vision when you first joined as CEO, and how did you get the organization to get on board with it?  AACBS decided it wanted to go global but it wasn’t and hadnâ€℠¢t started other than inviting the top schools around the world to seek accreditation. That’s all they had done. They wanted someone to come in and lead the organization towards globalization and expanded services because our domestic members were not happy at the time. They were accredited once every ten years, which was bad, and they wanted someone to transform the organization.The board took on a new governance model, and decided to hire a CEO, their first one. Working together, we were able to set the right mission and goals and move the organization slowly but deliberately along this continuum of globalization and expanded services. They needed someone to help them implement their vision and get the staff going in the right direction to help implement their vision.Today, 52% of our members come not from the domestic U.S., but from around the world. When I came in as CEO that number was just 15%. We’ve really grown significantly around the world, not just with our members, but with accredited schools. It shows how high impact we’ve been.You went from being a chip boy in a screw products factory at 15 to the CEO of the organization whose accreditation stamp is known as the gold seal of approval in the business school world. How did your career path unfold?What I luckily knew at 15 was that it was very important to get a good education because who wants to be a chip boy in a screw products factory? In the long run, if you don’t develop skills, even machine skilled labor, you don’t have much going for you in this country if you don’t get an education. Without higher education, you really have to be an inventor or a genius. I knew that my only way out of having a really difficult adult life and making ends meet and doing the things I wanted to do was through education. It is still the best recipe for enabling any one to achieve a position that they aspire to.I started my professional career as an auditor and very quick ly went into management at the Houston METRO. When I worked for NYC Transit, I was a vice president and general auditor, as well as a white-collar investigator. I worked closely with now-NYPD Police Commissioner Bill Bratton back then. In many ways, it was like a management consulting job. I would do audits of the operation of the transit authority and policy making, but I also did audits on contracts and other financial audits. It was really an interesting assignment.I spent a summer at Harvard’s program for senior executives in local and state government and all it did for me was told me my career path was not where I wanted it to be. The CEO of NYC Transit wanted me to become CFO after I came back, but I didn’t want to do it.At 39, I decided to get my PhD, and took a 50% pay cut. I resigned and moved to Florida, where the University of Central Florida had a PhD program in business and accounting, with a specialization in auditing. The Institute of Internal Auditors let me take a job with them and do the PhD program at the same time. I agreed to that, but then the PhD program shut down a year after I applied and they kept it shut down for a while.During that time I went back up the professional ladder and rose to the executive vice president and chief operating officer of The Institute of Internal Auditors, getting into the industry sort of by the back door. One of the things I did there was take their audit certification exam global, particularly in China, which was a really big and strong subscriber at the time. Page 1 of 212 »

Understanding Phosphorous, Boron and Other Semiconductor Materials

Introducing Phosphorous The process of doping introduces an atom of another element into the silicon crystal to alter its electrical properties. The dopant has either three or five valence electrons, as opposed to silicons four. Phosphorus atoms, which have five valence electrons, are used for doping n-type silicon (phosphorous provides its fifth, free, electron). A phosphorus atom occupies the same place in the crystal lattice that was occupied formerly by the silicon atom it replaced. Four of its valence electrons take over the bonding responsibilities of the four silicon valence electrons that they replaced. But the fifth valence electron remains free, without bonding responsibilities. When numerous phosphorus atoms are substituted for silicon in a crystal, many free electrons become available. Substituting a phosphorus atom (with five valence electrons) for a silicon atom in a silicon crystal leaves an extra, unbonded electron that is relatively free to move around the crystal. The most common method of doping is to coat the top of a layer of silicon with phosphorus and then heat the surface. This allows the phosphorus atoms to diffuse into the silicon. The temperature is then lowered so that the rate of diffusion drops to zero. Other methods of introducing phosphorus into silicon include gaseous diffusion, a liquid dopant spray-on process, and a technique in which phosphorus ions are driven precisely into the surface of the silicon. Introducing Boron   Of course, n-type silicon cannot form the electric field by itself; its also necessary to have some silicon altered to have the opposite electrical properties. So it’s boron, which has three valence electrons, that’s used for doping p-type silicon. Boron is introduced during silicon processing, where silicon is purified for use in PV devices. When a boron atom assumes a position in the crystal lattice formerly occupied by a silicon atom, there is a bond missing an electron (in other words, an extra hole). Substituting a boron atom (with three valence electrons) for a silicon atom in a silicon crystal leaves a hole (a bond missing an electron) that is relatively free to move around the crystal. Other semiconductor materials. Like silicon, all PV materials must be made into p-type and n-type configurations to create the necessary electric field that characterizes a PV cell. But this is done a number of different ways depending on the characteristics of the material. For example, amorphous silicons unique structure makes an intrinsic layer or â€Å"i layer† necessary. This undoped layer of amorphous silicon fits between the n-type and p-type layers to form what is called a p-i-n design. Polycrystalline thin films like copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) show great promise for PV cells. But these materials cant be simply doped to form n and p layers. Instead, layers of different materials are used to form these layers. For example, a window layer of cadmium sulfide or another similar material is used to provide the extra electrons necessary to make it n-type. CuInSe2 can itself be made p-type, whereas CdTe benefits from a p-type layer made from a material like zinc telluride (ZnTe). Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is similarly modified, usually with indium, phosphorous, or aluminum, to produce a wide range of n- and p-type materials.

Eliot as Dramatist - 1935 Words

T.S. Eliot as a dramatist Introduction American-English poet, playwright, and critic, a leader of the modernist movement in literature. Eliot was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1948. His most famous work is THE WASTE LAND, written when he was 34. On one level this highly complex poem descibes cultural and spiritual crisis. The point of view which I am struggling to attack is perhaps related to the metaphysical theory of the substantial unity of the soul: for my meaning is, that the poet has, not a personality to express, but a particular medium, which is only a medium and not a personality, in which impressions and experiences combine in peculiar and unexpected ways. (from Tradition and the Individual Talent,†¦show more content†¦In 1922 Eliot founded the Criterion, a quarterly review that he edited until he halted its publication at the beginning of World War II. With the help of Pound, who had raised money from friends and patrons, Eliot left the bank. In 1925 he joined the publishing house of Faber and Gwyer (later Faber and Faber), becoming eventually one of the firms directors. Between the years 1917 and 1919, Eliot was an assistant editor of the journal the Egoist. From 1919 onward he was a regular contributor to the Times Literary Supplement. In the 60 years from 1905 to his death, Eliot published some 600 articles and reviews. Eliots principal purpose in his literary-critical essays was the elucidation of works of art and the correction of taste. He wanted to revive the appreciation of the 17th-century Metaphysical poets, referring to such writers as Donne, Crashaw, Vaughan, Lord Herbert, and Cowley. He admitted that it is extremely difficult to define metaphysical poetry and decide what poets practiced it, but praised the complex mixture of intellect and passion that characterized their work. In the essay Religion and literature (1935) Eliot stated that literary criticism should be completed by criticism from a definite ethical and theological standpoint. Eliots first marriage from 1915 with the ballet-dancer Vivienne Haigh-Wood turned out to be unhappy. She was temperamental, full of life, restless. Her arrival at menstruation brought extreme moodShow MoreRelatedCritical Appreciation Of T. S. Eliot s The Metaphysical Poets1382 Words   |  6 Pagessignificance. Eliot begins the essay by praising Grierson’s scholarly edition of Metaphysical lyrics and Poems of the 17th  Century as an admirable â€Å"piece of criticism, and a provocation of criticism.† According to Eliot that the phrase ‘metaphysical poetry’ has been used as a term of abuse or as a label of a quaint and pleasant taste. He raises a question whether the so-called metaphysical poets formed a new school or movement or whether it was just a mere continuation of some older tradition. Eliot statesRead MoreEssay on The Sacred Wood and Began the Waste Land by T.S. Eliot626 Words   |  3 PagesT.S. Eliot was one of many award winning book wr iters. T.S. Eliot was known as a ‘’hard working writer.’’ He published his first book in 1915, starting off his career as a writer/poet. T.S. Eliot was born September 26, 1888 in St. Louis. He was the youngest of seven born to Henry Ware Eliot and Charlotte Eliot. In 1906–10, undergraduate at Harvard. He discovered the Symbolists and Lafarge. He was in editor of the Harvard Advocate, a literary magazine. In 1911-14 he was in graduate student in philosophyRead MoreEmily Dickinson Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pagesher religious beliefs and ideals set by her father had a major impact on her writings as well. Another important poet during this time period was that of T.S. Eliot. In looking at his writing style it will help to see the major influences of writing at this time. T.S. Eliot, was an American-born English poet, literary critic, dramatist, and winner of the Nobel Prize for literature, who is best known for his poem The Waste Land, one of the most widely discussed literary works of the early 20thRead MoreT.S. Eliots Writing Style and Use of Symbolism790 Words   |  4 Pagesfar can possibly find out how far one can go,† T.S. Eliot is basically trying to say that only people who push their limit can actually see how much they can really accomplish. T.S. Eliot made poetry that showed his negative views on life, people, and world. T.S. Eliot took poetry to another level by the way he writes and uses symbolism. Thomas Stearns was born on September 26, 1888. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. His father was Henry ware Eliot who was the president of the Hydraulic-press companyRead MoreEssay on Victorian Age1258 Words   |  6 Pagestook an even broader step in her novels. She wrote about womens sexual passions . Never before had a woman wrote a novel of this content. Unquestionably, the three great masters of Victorian novels were Charles Dickens, William Thackerary and George Eliot. Of the three, Dickens was the most popular with the Victorian public and the most difficult to evaluate today. Dickens novels cannot really be judged. He used a difficult more inclusive type of writing. His novels are read more often because readersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Preludes : A Modern Craft Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesPreludes: A Modern Craft Thomas Stearn Eliot (T.S. Eliot), an all-American writer was born into a wealthy family in St. Louis, Missouri in 1888. His father, Henry Ware Eliot, was the president of the Hydraulic-Press Brick Company, and his mother, Charlotte Champe Stearns, wrote poetry and volunteered at the Humanity Club (Bush). Also, his grandfather, William Greenleaf Eliot, founded the Unitarian church who contributed to his most outstanding poem, Preludes, a 4 stanza poem(Bush). Being under theRead MoreThe Libation Bearers and Hamlet1308 Words   |  6 PagesAge. It is the age when Greek dramatists hailed human heroes more than Olympian gods. Gilbert Murray compares the tragedies as: â€Å"There are first the broad similarities of situation between what we may call the original sagas on both sides; that is the general story of Orestes and Hamlet respectively. But secondly, there is something much more remarkable; when these sagas were worked up into tragedies, quite independently and on very different lines, by great dramatists of Greece and England, not onlyRead MoreThe Libation Bearers and Hamlet1302 Words   |  6 PagesAge. It is the age when Greek dramatists hailed human heroes more than Olympian gods. Gilbert Murray compares the tragedies as: â€Å"There are first the broad similarities of situation between what we may call the original sagas on both sides; that is the general story of Orestes and Hamlet respectively. But secondly, there is something much more remarkable; when these sagas were worked up into tragedies, quite independently and on very different lines, by great dramatists of Greece and England, not onlyRead MoreSymbolism and Religious Drama: T.S. Eliot’s Murder in the Cathedral2754 Words   |  12 PagesMurder in the Cathedral By T. S. Eliot In 1163, a quarrel began between the British King Henry II and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket. The men had been good friends, but each felt that his interests should be of primary concern to the nation and that the other should acquiesce to his demands. Becket fled to France in 1164 in order to rally support from the Catholic French for his cause and also sought an audience with the Pope. After being officially (although not personally) reconciledRead MorePost-Shakespearean Dramatists and declining of drama during post-Shakespeare period2502 Words   |  11 Pages1 Post-Shakespearean Dramatists Introduction - Post Shakespearean drama/Jacobean drama (that is, the drama of the age of James 11603-1625) was a decadent form of the drama of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. The Elizabethan age was the golden age of English drama.With the turn of the century the drama in England also took a turn. It does not mean that there were no dramatists left. There certainly was a large number of them, but none of them could come anywhere near Shakespeare.Just as after

Pawn Broking Business Business Statistics

Question: Discuss about Pawn Broking Business for Business Statistics. Answer: 1: Pawn broking business started in the early 19th century in Singapore. By the end of the 21st century, it serves the "white collar" customers in the country. Pacific Pawn Brokers is one of the leading pawn broking company, that operates in Hong Kong. The firm wants to start a business in Singapore. The company intends to be among the top three businesses in the country. So the company wishes to know about the state of the economy of the country for running this business. This requires statistical investigation of previous years data relating to the number of pledges received, the number of pledges redeemed; some loans are given, etc. A sample of monthly pawnshop data from the year 1980 to the year 2015 has been taken from the site of Department of Statistics, Statistical Tables from singstat Table Builder for the analysis (Tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg, 2016).The figures of a monthly number of pledges received per month have been segmented into two parts - before the year 2000 and after the year 2000. Various descriptive statistics measures have been used to figure out the change in some pledges received. The data is basically a time series data. Plotting the values of No. Of pledges against the dates the above graph is obtained. The graph shows a steady increase in the costs from 1980 to May 2010 and a rapid growth in the values after that. No such outliers can be spotted from the graph. The measures of central tendency used are arithmetic mean and median (Boone and Boone 2012). The mean and the median values before the year 2000 has been 195988 and 194178 respectively. The costs for the years after 2000 are 264511 and 242501. There is a great change in central tendency values before and after 2000. The central tendency value reveals that the number of pledges after the year 2000 has increased more than 25%. The measures of dispersion used in this case are the range, inter quartile range and standard deviation (Bickel and Lehmann 2012). 90% of the values of a variable is expected to lie within the inter quartile range. A significant difference between the values of range and Inter quartile range indicates the presence of outlier ( Wan et al. 2014). Before the year 2000, the values of range and inter quartile range are 126519 and 41658.0 respectively while that after 2000 is 176498 and 88168 respectively. The difference between the range and inter quartile range is more for the years after 2000 than for the years before 2000. The standard deviation values for the number of pledges received before the year 2000 is 26975.98 while that after the year 2000 is 52275.27 The measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion values reveal that the number of pledges received after the year 2000 is rapidly growing. The values after 2000 are greatly dispersed and has a heavy-tailed distribution. The result means the numbers of pledge received is increasing very fast in the current years. This is also evident from the graph (Kołacz and Grzegorzewski 2016). 2: The mean value of number of pledges after the year 2000 is 264511.The probability that the sample mean is above 26000 has to be calculated. The likelihood of the value is computed to ensure if the sample is repeated will the value be also higher than 26000.The sample size is 188.As the scale of the sample is considerably large, (more than 30), the population standard deviation can be approximated by sample standard deviation. The distribution of the sample mean can be assumed to be a standard normal (Hoenig and Heisey 2012). So the probability that the sample mean is greater than 260000 is given by: =1-ф(1.18319) =1-0.19886 =0.80114. The upper and lower confidence limit is given by: UCL=Xbar +s/sqrt(n)*z LCL= Xbar-s/sqrt(n)*z The tabulated value of z at 90% level of significance is given by 1.282(Altman et al. 2013). So the confidence interval for pledge received after the year 2000 is: UCL=264511+3812.566*1.282=271199.205 LCL=264511-3812.566*1.282=261270.59425804 The confidence interval for pledged received before the year 2000 is: UCL=195988+1.282*1741.292=198159.483654 LCL=195988-1.282*1741.292=193688.516346 The confidence interval for the period before the year 2000 is (193424.667926,1948423.332074) and the confidence interval for the period after the year 2000 is (271199.25,261270.59425804). This means that if the sample is repeated as many times as required the value of the average will lie within this interval. So it can be concluded that the mean value for the period of the year 2000 is greater than the mean value before the year 2000. C.The assumptions made for the purpose of constructing the confidence interval are: 1.The population standard deviation has been approximated by sample standard deviation as the sample size is quite large. 2.The distribution of sample mean is assumed to be normal. If the sample standard deviation cannot be approximated by population standard deviation, then estimated value of sample standard deviation is to be used. Then the distribution of test statistic will be t distribution instead of standard normal(Aron, Coups and Aron 2013). The confidence interval will be: UCL= Xbar +s/sqrt(n)*t LCL= Xbar -s/sqrt(n)*t The value of t at 90% confidence limit for df = 191 is 1.660. Then the confidence interval will be (193097.5,198878.6) for the period before 2000 and (258182.2,270839.9) for the period after 2000(Kruschke 2013). 3: There has been a financial crisis in the year 2008-2009 which has made the director of the Pacific Pawn Brokers company to think that the amount of loans redeemed including interest has been lowered after this financial crisis. To verify the statement a test has been conducted to check whether the mean amount of loans redeemed before and after the financial crisis has changed significantly or not. Here 2 represents the mean amount of loans redeemed before 2009 and 1 represent the mean amount of loan redeemed after the year 2009.So to test whether the two mean values are equal, or the mean value has been increased after the financial crisis (2008-2009) is to test H0: against H1: 12(Bera, Galvao and Wang 2014). The value of population standard deviation has to be estimated from sample standard deviation. The test statistic for the purpose of testing is given by: T= Where sp denotes the square root of the pooled variance. Where s1 is the standard deviation of the first sample and s2 is the standard deviation of the second sample. The value of pooled variance is 136.8934. The test statistic is said to follow a t distribution with (n1+n2-2)=182 degrees of freedom. Under the null hypothesis, the value of the t statistic is 63.09618. The tabulated value of t statistic at 0.05% level of significance for degrees of freedom= 182 is 1.984.So the value of observed t is greater than tabulated value. Therefore the null hypothesis is rejected. The assumptions for the test of this hypothesis is that the variance that has been used for the purpose of the test statistic is pooled variance. Pooled variance of the sample can be used if the sample variance for each population is assumed to be equal. In this case, the two standard deviations are unequal. So instead of pooled variance, one can use the following statistic: The value of t statistic is then 11.66796.The value of t statistic is greater than observed value of t is 1.984, so the given hypothesis is rejected. 4: The above test suggests that the mean value for the period before the financial crisis and the period after the financial crisis are different. The amount of loan redeemed after the financial crisis has been increased. The test for whether the mean value of some credits redeemed before and after the year of the financial crisis has been done by taking the mean or the average values. It may often happen that the mean values are affected by outliers. To cater this problem, a robust measure has to be used test the hypothesis. For this, one can use the median test to determine whether the median value of the two tests are equal are not (Pan et al. 2014). In the median test, the hypothesis of the test is, H0:me1=me2 against H1:me1me2, where median 1 is the median for the sample of years before 2009 crisis and me 2 is the median of the years after 2009 financial crisis. The statistic for the test is: Z is said to follow a standard normal distribution. So the statistic is rejected at 5% level of significance if the calculated value of z is greater than 1.645. The calculated value of z is 135.9881.So the given hypothesis is rejected.That means the median of the two distribution are not equal(Brys, Hubert and Struyf 2012). The mean value has been calculated by taking only nine years before the financial crisis. But that was the period of economic instability. So there were great fluctuations in the figures of loans redemption with interest. The test will be better if the sample is taken from the year 1990.So a test for the mean value has been done by taking the sample from the year 1990 to 2009 and 2010 to 2015, and the arithmetic mean values were compared with the help of t-test.The test statistic for the test is: Where Is the mean value from the year 1990 to 2009.The value of the t statistic calculated from the test -0.26599. The value of t observed from the t table at 0.05 % level of significance for degrees of freedom is 301 is 1.667.As the value of t observed is less than t tabulated, the given hypothesis is accepted. So this sample also reveals that the amount of loans redeemed post-financial crisis year has been increased. References: Altman, D., Machin, D., Bryant, T. And Gardner, M. Eds., 2013.Statistics with confidence: confidence intervals and statistical guidelines. John Wiley Sons. Aron, A., Coups, E. And Aron, E.N., 2013.Statistics for The Behavioral and Social Sciences: Pearson New International Edition: A Brief Course. Pearson Higher Ed. Bera, A.K., Galvao, A.F. and Wang, L., 2014. On testing the equality of mean and quantile effects.Journal of Econometric Methods,3(1), pp.47-62. Bickel, P.J. and Lehmann, E.L., 2012. Descriptive statistics for nonparametric models IV. Spread. InSelected Works of EL Lehmann(pp. 519-526). Springer US. Boone, H.N. and Boone, D.A., 2012. Analyzing likert data.Journal of extension,50(2), pp.1-5. Brys, G., Hubert, M. And Struyf, A., 2012. A robust measure of skewness.Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics. Hoenig, J.M. and Heisey, D.M., 2012. The abuse of power.The American Statistician. Kołacz, A. And Grzegorzewski, P., 2016. Measures of dispersion for multidimensional data.European Journal of Operational Research,251(3), pp.930-937. Kruschke, J.K., 2013. Bayesian estimation supersedes the t test.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,142(2), p.573. Pan, Y., Caudill, S.P., Li, R. And Caldwell, K.L., 2014. Median and quantile tests under complex survey design using SAS and R.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine,117(2), pp.292-297. Tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg. (2016). Homepage | singstat Table Builder. [online] Available at: https://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/mainmenu.action [Accessed 19 Aug. 2016]. Wan, X., Wang, W., Liu, J. And Tong, T., 2014. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range.BMC medical research methodology,14(1), p.135.